Issue |
Silva Lusitana
Volume 32, Number 1, 2024
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Page(s) | 1 - 31 | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/silu/20243201001 | |
Published online | 01 July 2024 |
O agrupamento como alternativa para a gestão dos baldios em Portugal
Grouping as an alternative for managing common lands in Portugal
Le regroupement comme alternative pour la gestion des terrains communautaires au Portugal
Investigadora integrada no Centro Interdisciplinar de Ciências Sociais da Universidade Nova de Lisboa [CICS.NOVA]
* E-mail: analuz@fcsh.unl.pt
O meio rural interior é hoje caracterizado por uma população escassa e envelhecida, onde o turismo e a conservação da natureza ocupam gradualmente o lugar da função produtiva do espaço. Os incêndios de 2017 evidenciaram as possíveis consequências desta conjuntura, acelerando uma Reforma da Floresta que incluiu medidas há muito reclamadas. Em particular, desde 2019 está em curso um projecto-piloto, a nível nacional, que propõe o agrupamento de baldios como estratégia de gestão destas áreas, com especial foco sobre a sua componente florestal.
Neste trabalho faz-se uma análise da implementação desse projecto que envolve o Governo, as principais federações de baldios (e.g., BALADI) e as comunidades locais.
Realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas a compartes em três contextos diferentes, e a um elemento da BALADI.
Além dos benefícios directos para a gestão local, ligados à rede de partilha e ao apoio técnico, o Agrupamento é valorizado pelo seu papel no fortalecimento das comunidades face à percebida ausência e/ou incompetência das instituições do Estado.
Abstract
Today mountain rural areas are characterized by a scarce and aging population, where tourism and nature conservation are replacing farming activities. The 2017 fires highlighted the possible consequences of this conjuncture, boosting a Forest Reform which included measures that were long called for. Particularly, since 2019, a pilot-project that proposes the grouping of baldios as a management strategy for these areas, focused mainly on the forest resources, is under way at the national level, involving the Government, the main baldios’ federations and the local communities.
In this work we analyze the implementation of that project. Semi-structured interviews were performed to commoners in three different contexts, and to a BALADI leader.
Direct benefits to the local management of baldios were evidenced by the commoners, mostly related to the network created and the technical support. Moreover, groupings were valorized by their role in the strengthening of communities, given the perceived absence and/or incompetence of State institutions.
Résumé
Le milieu rural se caractérise aujourd'hui par une population rare et vieillissante, où le tourisme et la conservation de la nature remplacent progressivement la fonction productive de l’espace. Les incendies de 2017 ont mis en évidence les conséquences possibles de cette situation, accélérant une réforme forestière qui comprenait des mesures réclamées depuis longtemps. En particulier, depuis 2019, un projet pilote est en cours au niveau national, qui propose le regroupement des terrains communautaires (baldios) comme stratégie de gestion de ces territoires avec un accent particulier sur leur composante forestière.
Ce travail analyse la mise en oeuvre de ce projet qui implique le Gouvernement, les principales fédérations des baldios (e.g., BALADI) et les communautés locales. Des entrevues semi-structurés ont été réalisés avec les membres des communautés dans trois contextes différents, ainsi qu'avec un membre de BALADI.
Au-delà des bénéfices directs pour la gestion locale, liés au réseau de partage et à l'accompagnement technique, le Groupe est apprécié pour son rôle de renforcement des communautés face à l'absence perçue et/ou à l'incompétence des institutions étatiques.
Palavras-chave: baldios / gestão agrupada da paisagem / acção colectiva / floresta
Key words: common lands / collaborative landscape stewardship / collective action / forest management
Mots clés : terrains communautaires / gestion collaborative du paysage / action collective / gestion des forêts
© INIAV, Oeiras, Portugal 2024
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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